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- November 1990
-
-
- POLICE PRACTICES
- WIN: AFIS TECHNOLOGY FOR RURAL STATES
-
- Large law enforcement agencies have experienced remarkable
- success with the Automated Fingerprint Identification System
- (AFIS) technology in recent years. In fact, AFIS is
- revolutionizing the way fingerprints are processed and used in
- the identification and apprehension of criminals. Currently,
- over half of the States and about 50 city or county agencies
- have operational automated fingerprinting systems. However, the
- high cost of this incredible technology prevents many smaller
- agencies, both State and local, from realizing its benefits.
-
- This is changing, however, in a handful of western States
- because of an innovative and cooperative effort among law
- enforcement officers, administrators and planners to make the
- implementation of AFIS a reality in their region. Their
- accomplishments could well be replicated in other areas of the
- country and among other jurisdictions that are looking for a
- feasible means of keeping up with progressive technology.
-
- PLANNING
-
- Early in January 1988, representatives from law enforcement
- agencies in six western States (Idaho, Montana, Utah, Nevada,
- Wyoming, and Oregon) met in Boise, Idaho, to discuss their
- individual and collective needs for an AFIS. Each
- representative could demonstrate a documented need for such a
- system. But they shared a common problem--lack of sufficient
- capital to purchase the full complement of hardware needed to
- maintain the system.
-
- In search for a solution, the representatives considered a
- network of leased "smart" terminals (remote input stations)
- linked by dedicated telephone lines to a central, remotely
- accessible processing center. Initial data indicated that a
- combined shared database could produce a cost savings of up to
- 50 percent.
-
- Such links already existed within California and Washington,
- where remote terminals are connected by telephone lines to a
- central process unit at a designated site. However, when trying
- to ensure the compatibility of the identification systems, the
- issue of individual State laws arose.
-
- It was discovered that individual States would have a
- problem with leasing laws, which could be solved by creating a
- corporation among the States. By doing this, leasing laws would
- no longer be a restraining factor. Once this was resolved,
- interstate connections were solidified, and each State's system
- could talk to the systems of the other States. However, without
- this capability, no interchange of database access is possible.
-
- FORMATION OF WIN
-
- To protect individual members' rights and investments, the
- States formed a nonprofit corporation. In May 1988, articles of
- incorporation and bylaws were filed in Nevada to create the
- Western Identification Network, Inc. (WIN). This nonprofit
- corporation facilitated the creation of a multi-State network
- designed to address the needs of the States, both collectively
- and individually. A request for proposal (RFP) for the system
- was released in June 1988, and by September, an information
- systems company was selected to provide equipment and training.
- The company would also serve as a consultant should any problems
- arise.
-
- During the RFP process, criminal justice executives
- convinced State legislatures to fund participation in WIN. For
- many, this required an extensive education program because, even
- though the WIN concept is far cheaper than outright purchase or
- lease on an individual basis, the project still involved a
- considerable outlay of tax dollars. Through a multi-State,
- combined effort, using departmental resources and talent, the
- representatives produced a promotional video used to educate
- officials and the public on the advantages of the system.
-
- By June 1989, Alaska, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon,
- Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and the Portland Police Bureau had
- obtained funding appropriations. Once the funds became
- available, WIN quickly established an office and a staff of two
- to administer billings, oversee the vendor operations, and
- ensure that contractual requirements were met.
-
- During October 1989, the WIN host computer was installed in
- Sacramento, California, and 900,000 records from five States
- were converted to AFIS data and loaded into the system. Remote
- subsystems were installed in Boise, Idaho, Carson City, Nevada,
- Cheyenne, Wyoming, Portland, Oregon, Salem, Oregon, and Salt
- Lake City, Utah. In addition, booking terminals are slated to
- be installed in numerous other locations throughout these
- States. California was connected to the system during the first
- 6 months of 1990, and the Alaska and Washington AFIS systems
- came online in August 1990.
-
- PROGRAM SUCCESSES
-
- As of June 1990, Idaho, which came online just 6 months
- prior, has had over 37 hits, resulting in the identification of
- suspects in a 25-year-old homicide case, 2 armed robberies, 1
- auto theft, 2 rape cases, 4 drug cases, and 27 major burglaries.
- The director of the Idaho Department of Law Enforcement praised
- the system for bringing a predominantly rural State, such as
- Idaho, to the "leading edge of effective crime control."
-
- The WIN AFIS, now fully operational, is capable of
- processing 24,240 arrest cards and 4,500 crime scene latent
- prints per month against a database of 1.3 million criminal
- fingerprint records. With the pooling of data, individual State
- records can be searched as necessary, and since crime knows no
- borders, the probability of hits increases greatly.
-
- CONCLUSION
-
- Results obtained during training and the first months of
- implementation indicate that benefits derived from WIN will be
- comparable to system successes in other States. With 10,000
- records being added each month, and other States expected to
- come online in the near future, the entire western United States
- will soon share a common access to an automated fingerprint
- identification system. The capability to search criminal data
- in multiple States may, indeed, prove to be valuable beyond the
- most optimistic expectations.
-
-
- _______________
-
- Information for this column was submitted by W.C. Overton,
- Chief of the Office of Public Affairs, Idaho Department of Law Enforcement.